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Islamic State

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Islamic State الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام
Territory currently controlled by the ISIL as of June 2014 (in red)
Capital		Ar-Raqqah[1] 35°57′N 39°1′E
Official languages		Arabic
Government		Islamic state
-	Commander of the Faithful	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Separation from Iraq and Syria
-	Islamic State of Iraq Proclaimed	15 October 2006[2]
-	Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Proclaimed	9 April 2013[3]
Time zone		(UTC+3)

Islamic State (IS or ISIS), formerly the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, is an active jihadist militant group in Iraqand Syria. It is influenced by the Wahhabi version of Islam.^[4][5] It claims the status of independent state for the territories under its control in Iraq and Syria.

The group was started in the early years of the Iraq War and associated itself with al-Qaeda in 2004. ISIS was composed of different insurgent groups. Its aim was to establish a caliphate in the Sunni majority regions of Iraq, later expanding this to include Syria.^[6] In February 2014, after an eight-month power struggle, al-Qaeda cut all ties with ISIS.^[7]

At the height of the Iraq War, ISIS was in the Iraqi provinces of Al Anbar, Ninawa, Kirkuk, most of Salah ad Din, parts ofBabil, Diyala and Baghdad. It claimed Baqubah as its capital.^{[8][9][10][11]} In the ongoing Syrian Civil War, the group has a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqa, Idlib and Aleppo.^[12][13]

The group has attacked government and military targets. It has claimed responsibility for attacks that killed thousands of Iraqi civilians.^[14] During the time coalition forces were present in Iraq, the group suffered some setbacks. By 2012, it was thought to have regained most of its strength and more than doubled the number of its members to about 2,500.^[15]

In 2013, a letter and an audio recording of Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of al-Qaeda, was leaked to Al-Jazeera. In it, al-Zawahiri disbanded the Syrian faction of ISIS.^[16] The group's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, opposed this ruling on the basis of Islamic law.^[17] The group has since continued to operate in Syria. Starting in April 2013, it made rapid military gains in large parts of Northern Syria, where the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights described them as "the strongest group".^[18]

In 2014, ISIS successfully fought in a large-scale offensive in Iraq. After this offensive, ISIS is reported to have seized control of most of Mosul, the second biggest city in Iraq, its surrounding Nineveh province, and the city of Fallujah.^[19]ISIS has also taken control of Tikrit, the administrative center of the Salah ad Din Governorate.^[20] It wants to captureBaghdad, the Iraqi capital.^[21]

Film[change | change source]

The 2014 film The Blue Man,^[22] which is related to The New York Times article titled "Uncovering Iraq's Horrors in Desert Graves" written by John F. Burns,^[23] also mentions mass killings of Shia muslims by the Islamic State between 2003 to 2006.